Membership¶

The REST API can be used to subscribe and unsubscribe users to mailing lists. A subscribed user is called a member. There is a top level collection that returns all the members of all known mailing lists.

There are no mailing lists and no members yet.

>>> from mailman.testing.documentation import dump_json
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 0

We create a mailing list, which starts out with no members.

>>> from mailman.app.lifecycle import create_list
>>> bee = create_list('bee@example.com')
>>> from mailman.config import config
>>> transaction = config.db
>>> transaction.commit()

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 0

Subscribers¶

After Bart subscribes to the mailing list, his subscription is available via the REST interface.

>>> from mailman.interfaces.member import MemberRole
>>> from mailman.interfaces.usermanager import IUserManager
>>> from zope.component import getUtility
>>> user_manager = getUtility(IUserManager)

>>> from mailman.testing.helpers import subscribe
>>> subscribe(bee, 'Bart')
<Member: Bart Person <bperson@example.com> on bee@example.com
         as MemberRole.member>

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 1

Bart’s specific membership can be accessed directly:

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1')
address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
delivery_mode: regular
display_name: Bart Person
email: bperson@example.com
http_etag: ...
list_id: bee.example.com
member_id: 1
role: member
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
subscription_mode: as_address
user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1

When Cris also joins the mailing list, her subscription is also available via the REST interface.

>>> subscribe(bee, 'Cris')
<Member: Cris Person <cperson@example.com> on bee@example.com
         as MemberRole.member>

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 2

The subscribed members are returned in alphabetical order, so when Anna subscribes, she is returned first.

>>> subscribe(bee, 'Anna')
<Member: Anna Person <aperson@example.com> on bee@example.com
         as MemberRole.member>

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 3
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/3
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
entry 2:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 3

Subscriptions are also returned alphabetically by mailing list posting address. Anna and Cris subscribe to this new mailing list.

>>> ant = create_list('ant@example.com')
>>> subscribe(ant, 'Anna')
<Member: Anna Person <aperson@example.com> on ant@example.com
         as MemberRole.member>
>>> subscribe(ant, 'Cris')
<Member: Cris Person <cperson@example.com> on ant@example.com
         as MemberRole.member>

User ids are different than member ids.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 5
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/5
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 2:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 3
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/3
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 3:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
entry 4:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 5

We can also get just the members of a single mailing list.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant@example.com/roster/member')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 5
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/5
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 2

Paginating over member records¶

Instead of returning all the member records at once, it’s possible to return them in pages by adding the GET parameters count and page to the request URI. Page 1 is the first page and count defines the size of the page.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant@example.com/roster/member'
...     '?count=1&page=1')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 2

This works with members of a single list as well as with all members.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/members?count=1&page=1')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 5

Custom Member resource¶

Instead of the default Member resource, it is possible to choose specific fields to return from:

address
delivery_mode
display_name
email
list_id
member_id
role
subscription_mode
user
moderation_action

This can be useful when exporting huge lists of Members and some of the fields aren’t required. Certain fields like delivery_mode can be expensive to calculate and result in significantly slower response.

To choose the fields, you need to specify fields as a parameter in GET request:

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members?fields=email&fields=member_id')
entry 0:
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    member_id: 4
entry 1:
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    member_id: 5
entry 2:
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    member_id: 3
entry 3:
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    member_id: 1
entry 4:
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    member_id: 2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 5

Owners and moderators¶

Mailing list owners and moderators also show up in the REST API. Cris becomes an owner of the ant mailing list and Dave becomes a moderator of the bee mailing list.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members', {
...           'list_id': 'ant.example.com',
...           'subscriber': 'dperson@example.com',
...           'role': 'moderator',
...           })
content-length: 0
content-type: application/json
date: ...
location: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/6
server: ...
status: 201

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members', {
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           'subscriber': 'cperson@example.com',
...           'role': 'owner',
...           })
content-length: 0
content-type: application/json
date: ...
location: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
server: ...
status: 201

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/dperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name:
    email: dperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 6
    moderation_action: accept
    role: moderator
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/6
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/4
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 2:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 5
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/5
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 3:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 7
    moderation_action: accept
    role: owner
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 4:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 3
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/3
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 5:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
entry 6:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 7

We can access all the owners of a list.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/bee@example.com/roster/owner')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 7
    moderation_action: accept
    role: owner
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 1

Finding members¶

A specific member can always be referenced by their role and address.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/'
...           'bee@example.com/owner/cperson@example.com')
address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
delivery_mode: regular
display_name: Cris Person
email: cperson@example.com
http_etag: ...
list_id: bee.example.com
member_id: 7
moderation_action: accept
role: owner
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
subscription_mode: as_address
user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2

You can find a specific member based on several different criteria. For example, we can search for all the memberships of a particular address.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'subscriber': 'aperson@example.com',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 4
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/4
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 3
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/3
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 2

Or, we can find all the memberships for a particular mailing list.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/aperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Anna Person
    email: aperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 3
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/3
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/3
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
entry 2:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 3:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 7
    moderation_action: accept
    role: owner
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 4

Or, we can find all the memberships for an address on a particular mailing list.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'subscriber': 'cperson@example.com',
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 7
    moderation_action: accept
    role: owner
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/7
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 2

Or, we can find all the memberships for an address with a specific role.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'subscriber': 'cperson@example.com',
...           'role': 'member',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 5
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/5
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 2

Or, we can search for all members with a specific moderation action on a list.

>>> from mailman.testing.helpers import set_moderation
>>> set_moderation(bee, 'cperson@example.com', 'hold')
>>> transaction.commit()
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'moderation_action': 'hold',
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    moderation_action: hold
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 1

Or, we can search for all members with a specific delivery_status or delivery_mode:

>>> from mailman.testing.helpers import set_delivery
>>> set_delivery(bee, 'bperson@example.com', 'by_bounces')
>>> transaction.commit()
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'delivery_status': 'by_bounces',
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/bperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Bart Person
    email: bperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 1
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/1
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/1
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 1

Finally, we can search for a specific member given all three criteria.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find', {
...           'subscriber': 'cperson@example.com',
...           'list_id': 'bee.example.com',
...           'role': 'member',
...           })
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    moderation_action: hold
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 1

Search can also be performed using HTTP GET queries.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/find'
...           '?subscriber=cperson@example.com'
...           '&list_id=bee.example.com'
...           '&role=member'
...           )
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/cperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Cris Person
    email: cperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 2
    moderation_action: hold
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/2
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/2
http_etag: ...
start: 0
total_size: 1

Joining a mailing list¶

A user can be subscribed to a mailing list via the REST API, either by a specific address, or more generally by their preferred address. A subscribed user is called a member.

Elly subscribes to the ant mailing list. Since her email address is not yet known to Mailman, a user is created for her. By default, she gets a regular delivery.

By pre-verifying her subscription, we don’t require Elly to verify that her email address is valid. By pre-confirming her subscription too, no confirmation email will be sent. Pre-approval means that the list moderator won’t have to approve her subscription request. send_welcome_message controls whether a welcome message will be sent to the user. This option overrides the Mailinglist’s send_welcome_message setting.

Additionally, a user can set their delivery_mode, for example to plaintext_digests to susbcribe to email digests. Also, they can disable delivery on the subscription by setting delivery_status to by_user.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members', {
...           'list_id': 'ant.example.com',
...           'subscriber': 'eperson@example.com',
...           'display_name': 'Elly Person',
...           'pre_verified': True,
...           'pre_confirmed': True,
...           'pre_approved': True,
...           'send_welcome_message': True,
...           'delivery_mode': 'plaintext_digests',
...           'delivery_status': 'by_user',
...           })
content-length: 0
content-type: application/json
date: ...
location: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/8
server: ...
status: 201

We can check the preferences for the new subscriber are set correctly:

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/8/preferences')
delivery_mode: plaintext_digests
delivery_status: by_user
http_etag: "..."
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/8/preferences

Elly is now a known user, and a member of the mailing list.

>>> elly = user_manager.get_user('eperson@example.com')
>>> elly
<User "Elly Person" (...) at ...>

>>> set(member.list_id for member in elly.memberships.members)
{'ant.example.com'}

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
...
entry 3:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/eperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: plaintext_digests
    display_name: Elly Person
    email: eperson@example.com
    http_etag: ...
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 8
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/8
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/5
...

Gwen is a user with a preferred address. She subscribes to the ant mailing list with her preferred address. A Membership’s subscription_mode reflects if it is via a user’s preferred address (as_user) or via an address (as_address) so clients can differentiate between two modes of subscription:

>>> from mailman.utilities.datetime import now
>>> gwen = user_manager.create_user('gwen@example.com', 'Gwen Person')
>>> preferred = list(gwen.addresses)[0]
>>> preferred.verified_on = now()
>>> gwen.preferred_address = preferred

# Note that we must extract the user id before we commit the transaction.
# This is because accessing the .user_id attribute will lock the database
# in the testing process, breaking the REST queue process.  Also, the
# user_id is a UUID internally, but an integer (represented as a string)
# is required by the REST API.
>>> user_id = gwen.user_id.int
>>> transaction.commit()

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members', {
...     'list_id': 'ant.example.com',
...     'subscriber': user_id,
...     'pre_verified': True,
...     'pre_confirmed': True,
...     'pre_approved': True,
...     })
content-length: 0
content-type: application/json
date: ...
location: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/9
server: ...
status: 201

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
...
entry 4:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/gwen@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Gwen Person
    email: gwen@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 9
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/9
    subscription_mode: as_user
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/6
...
total_size: 9

When Gwen changes her preferred address, her subscription automatically tracks the new address.

>>> new_preferred = gwen.register('gwen.person@example.com')
>>> new_preferred.verified_on = now()
>>> gwen.preferred_address = new_preferred
>>> transaction.commit()

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
...
entry 4:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/gwen.person@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Gwen Person
    email: gwen.person@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 9
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/9
    subscription_mode: as_user
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/6
...
total_size: 9

Leaving a mailing list¶

Elly decides she does not want to be a member of the mailing list after all, so she leaves from the mailing list.

# Ensure our previous reads don't keep the database lock.
>>> transaction.abort()
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/8',
...           method='DELETE')
date: ...
...
status: 204

Elly is no longer a member of the mailing list.

>>> set(member.mailing_list for member in elly.memberships.members)
set()

DELETE request on Memberships also optionally accept pre_approved (defaults to False) and pre_confirmed (defaults to True, for backwards behavioural compatability with older versions of Mailman 3) boolean parameters. Depending on the Mailinglist’s unsubscription_policy, Mailman can optionally send a confirmation email to User or ask the moderator to approve the request.

Changing delivery address¶

As shown above, Gwen is subscribed to a mailing list with her preferred email address. If she changes her preferred address, this automatically changes the address she will receive deliveries at for all such memberships.

However, when Herb subscribes to a couple of mailing lists with explicit addresses, he must change each subscription explicitly.

Herb controls multiple email addresses. All of these addresses are verified.

>>> herb = user_manager.create_user('herb@example.com', 'Herb Person')
>>> herb_1 = list(herb.addresses)[0]
>>> herb_2 = herb.register('hperson@example.com')
>>> herb_3 = herb.register('herb.person@example.com')
>>> for address in herb.addresses:
...     address.verified_on = now()

Herb subscribes to both the ant and bee mailing lists with one of his addresses.

>>> ant.subscribe(herb_1)
<Member: Herb Person <herb@example.com> on
         ant@example.com as MemberRole.member>
>>> bee.subscribe(herb_1)
<Member: Herb Person <herb@example.com> on
         bee@example.com as MemberRole.member>
>>> transaction.commit()
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members')
entry 0:
...
entry 4:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/herb@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Herb Person
    email: herb@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 10
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7
...
entry 9:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/herb@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Herb Person
    email: herb@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 11
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 10

In order to change all of his subscriptions to use a different email address, Herb must iterate through his memberships explicitly.

>>> from mailman.testing.helpers import call_api
>>> content, response = call_api('http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/'
...                              'herb@example.com/memberships')
>>> memberships = [entry['self_link'] for entry in content['entries']]
>>> for url in sorted(memberships):
...     print(url)
http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10
http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11

For each membership resource, the subscription address is changed by PATCH’ing the address attribute.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10', {
...           'address': 'hperson@example.com',
...           }, method='PATCH')
date: ...
server: ...
status: 204

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11', {
...           'address': 'hperson@example.com',
...           }, method='PATCH')
date: ...
server: ...
status: 204

Herb’s memberships with the old address are gone.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/'
...           'herb@example.com/memberships')
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 0

Herb’s memberships have been updated with his new email address. Of course, his membership ids have not changed.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/'
...           'hperson@example.com/memberships')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/hperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Herb Person
    email: hperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: ant.example.com
    member_id: 10
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7
entry 1:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/hperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Herb Person
    email: hperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 11
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 2

When changing his subscription address, Herb may also decide to change his mode of delivery.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11', {
...           'address': 'herb@example.com',
...           'delivery_mode': 'mime_digests',
...           }, method='PATCH')
date: ...
server: ...
status: 204

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/'
...           'herb@example.com/memberships')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/herb@example.com
    delivery_mode: mime_digests
    display_name: Herb Person
    email: herb@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: bee.example.com
    member_id: 11
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/11
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 1

Sending an invitation¶

Instead of subscribing a user, we can send an invitation to join a list to a user. When the invitation is accepted, the user will be subscribed without any additional steps.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members', {
...           'list_id': 'ant.example.com',
...           'subscriber': 'fperson@example.com',
...           'display_name': 'Fred Person',
...           'invitation': True,
...           })
http_etag: ...
token: ...
token_owner: subscriber

Fred has been sent an invitation. The token and token_owner for confirmation of his acceptance are returned.

Fred is now a known user, but is not yet a member of any lists.

>>> fred = user_manager.get_user('fperson@example.com')
>>> fred
<User "Fred Person" (...) at ...>

>>> set(member.list_id for member in fred.memberships.members)
set()

Moderating a member¶

The moderation action for a member can be changed by PATCH’ing the moderation_action attribute. When the member action falls back to the list default, there is no such attribute in the resource.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10')
address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/hperson@example.com
delivery_mode: regular
display_name: Herb Person
email: hperson@example.com
http_etag: "..."
list_id: ant.example.com
member_id: 10
role: member
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10
subscription_mode: as_address
user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7

Patching the moderation action both changes it for the given user, and adds the attribute to the member’s resource.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10', {
...           'moderation_action': 'hold',
...           }, method='PATCH')
date: ...
server: ...
status: 204

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10')
address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/hperson@example.com
...
moderation_action: hold
...

It can be reset to the list default by patching an empty value.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10', {
...           'moderation_action': '',
...           }, method='PATCH')
date: ...
server: ...
status: 204

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10')
address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/hperson@example.com
delivery_mode: regular
display_name: Herb Person
email: hperson@example.com
http_etag: "..."
list_id: ant.example.com
member_id: 10
role: member
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/10
subscription_mode: as_address
user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/7

Handling the list of banned addresses¶

To ban an address from subscribing you can POST to the /bans child of any list using the REST API.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans',
...           {'email': 'banned@example.com'})
content-length: 0
...
location: .../3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans/banned@example.com
...
status: 201

This address is now banned, and you can get the list of banned addresses by issuing a GET request on the /bans child.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans')
entry 0:
    email: banned@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: ant.example.com
    self_link: .../3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans/banned@example.com
...

You can always GET a single banned address.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant.example.com'
...           '/bans/banned@example.com')
email: banned@example.com
http_etag: "..."
list_id: ant.example.com
self_link: .../3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans/banned@example.com

Unbanning addresses is also possible by issuing a DELETE request.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant.example.com'
...           '/bans/banned@example.com',
...           method='DELETE')
date: ...
...
status: 204

After unbanning, the address is not shown in the ban list anymore.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/ant.example.com/bans')
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 0

Global bans prevent an address from subscribing to any mailing list, and they can be added via the top-level bans resource.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans',
...           {'email': 'banned@example.com'})
content-length: 0
...
location: http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com
...
status: 201

Note that entries in the global bans do not have a list_id field.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans')
entry 0:
    email: banned@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com
...

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com')
email: banned@example.com
http_etag: "..."
self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com

As with list-centric bans, you can delete a global ban.

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com',
...           method='DELETE')
date: ...
...
status: 204

>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans/banned@example.com')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 404: ...
>>> dump_json('http://localhost:9001/3.0/bans')
http_etag: "..."
start: 0
total_size: 0

Mass Unsubscriptions¶

A batch of users can be unsubscribed from the mailing list via the REST API just by supplying their email addresses.

>>> cat = create_list('cat@example.com')
>>> subscribe(cat, 'Isla')
<Member: Isla Person <iperson@example.com> on
         cat@example.com as MemberRole.member>
>>> subscribe(cat, 'John')
<Member: John Person <jperson@example.com> on
         cat@example.com as MemberRole.member>
>>> subscribe(cat, 'Kate')
<Member: Kate Person <kperson@example.com> on
         cat@example.com as MemberRole.member>

There are three new members of the mailing list. We try to mass delete them, plus one other address that isn’t a member of the list. We get back a dictionary mapping email addresses to the success or failure of the removal operation. It’s okay that one of the addresses is removed twice.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/cat.example.com/roster/member', {
...     'emails': ['iperson@example.com',
...                'jperson@example.com',
...                'iperson@example.com',
...                'zperson@example.com',
...                ]},
...     'DELETE')
http_etag: "..."
iperson@example.com: True
jperson@example.com: True
zperson@example.com: False

And now only Kate is still a member.

>>> dump_json(
...     'http://localhost:9001/3.0/lists/cat.example.com/roster/member')
entry 0:
    address: http://localhost:9001/3.0/addresses/kperson@example.com
    delivery_mode: regular
    display_name: Kate Person
    email: kperson@example.com
    http_etag: "..."
    list_id: cat.example.com
    member_id: 14
    role: member
    self_link: http://localhost:9001/3.0/members/14
    subscription_mode: as_address
    user: http://localhost:9001/3.0/users/11
...
total_size: 1